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PTSD - Universally Applicable?

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One of the most contentious areas in the context of cross-cultural mental health is that of the use of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a diagnostic framework. There is much debate over its validity and usefulness in 'non-western' contexts, particularly as it relates to survivors of conflict, or political oppression. The arguments for and against are varied and complex. Within this section we have gathered a number of papers that relate to this issue. However, due to the limited number of 'freely accessible' online resources, we have been unable to reflect the true breadth and complexity of these arguments. We have therefore put together a bibliography in the hope that it may be used as a stepping stone to further reading.

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19 Items

Psychological Well Being of Child and Adolescent Refugee and Asylum Seekers: Overview of Major Research Findings of the Past Ten Years

Thomas, T., Lau, W., 2002

Comprehensive review of research findings focusing on risk and protective factors.

Link

UNICEF

Evaluation of Psychosocial Projects in Primary and Secondary Schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1998

Stuvland, R., Durakovic-Belko, E., Kutlaca, M., 2001

Link

The invention of post-traumatic stress disorder and the social usefulness of a psychiatric category.

Summerfield, D, BMJ 2001;322:95-98, 2001

Summerfield argues that personal recovery is grounded in social capacity building.

Link

The Influence of New Mental Health Paradigms on Programs for Children at Risk

Kos, A., M., 2000

A reflection of the place of PTSD and other diagnostic frameworks within programmes in countries emerging from conflict.

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Refugee Children

Hodes, M., 1998

Refugee children may need a lot of psychiatric help.(Editorial)

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Psychiatric Treatment Of Southeast Asian Refugees

Boehnlein, J.K., & Kinzie, J.D., 1996

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The Applicability of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Concept to Refugees

Freidman, M.J, Jaranson, J., In Amidst Peril and Pain: The Mental Health and Well-being of Refugees. Marsella, A.J., Bornemann, T., Ekblad, S., Orley, J. (eds), American Psychological Association, 1994

A review of the assessment and treatment methods used for PTSD and an evaluation of their applicability to refugee populations

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The Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture

Adaptation after Torture: Some Thoughts on the Long-term Effects of Surviving a Repressive Regime

Gorst-Unsworth, C, 1992

Gorst-Unsworth presents a case study to illustrate the multiplicity of events and social factors that need to be taken into consideration before a diagnosis of PTSD is applied.

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National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A Selective Review of the Literature on Ethnocultural aspects of PTSD

Marsella, A.J., Friedman, M.J., Spain, E.H., 1992

A review of over 150 publications on cross-cultural aspects of PTSD

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The Problem of Wool: A Response

Agger, I , in 'Refugee Experience-Psychosocial Training Module' Loughry, M., Ager, A (eds) , 2001

A critical review of current debate about universal versus culturally relative psychosocial interventions.

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