The diagnosis and definition of mental health problems is a controversial area. A variety of clinical and social models are used by mental health organisations and health professionals. In order to provide as much information as possible, we have included a range of diagnostic checklists, symptom lists and definitions, without commenting on the arguments for or against each of the different systems in use.

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24 Items

NHS/DH

Meeting the Health Needs of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK

Angela Burnett and Yohannes Fassil, 2002

This comprehensive resource pack for health care workers includes information on assessing the psychological distress of refugees and the symptoms they may present with.

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Listening to diverse voices: Studying depression among refugees

Farida Tilbury, Renata Kokanovic, Mark Rapley and Ilse O'Ferrall, Murdoch University and the Eastern Perth Public and Community Health Unit, Western Australia.

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Medical Foundation

Guide to Health Workers Providing Care for Asylum Seekers and Refugees

Angela Burnett, 2002

This briefing for the Medical Foundation includes guidance on the common mental health problems experienced by refugees. (PDF)

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Health Needs of Asylum Seekers and Refugees

Angela Burnett and Michael Peel, British Medical Journal 322, pp. 544-547, 2001

This article stresses that refugees are not a homogenous group, but are affected by diverse experiences in their home and host countries. Professionals must bear this in mind when diagnosing mental health problems.

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Physicians for Human Rights

From Persecution to Prison: The Health Consequences of Detention for Asylum Seekers

A comprehensive study examining the mental health of detained asylum seekers. The study findings include high levels of anxiety, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be attributed to the length of detention time.

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Mental Health Issues of Resettled Refugees

Richard Ater, 1998

Ater argues that refugees are a vulnerable population at risk of mental health problems due to their traumatic experiences in their country of origin, difficult transit experiences and adjustment problems in the country of settlement.

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ICD 10 **The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

These are the international medical criteria used for the diagnosis of health problems, including mental disorders.

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR)

These are the official criteria used most often to diagnose mental health problems in the USA. The latest edition is a revised version of the fourth edition and is published online by the American Psychiatric Association.

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ECRE

Good practice guide for the assessment of and interviews for traumatised children and adolescence

2002

The European council on refugees and exiles have developed this good practice guide. It includes the theoretical and practical elements of assessment and case studies. (Slow to download as a PDF).

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Child Trauma Institute

Child Trauma Measures for Research and Practice

Ricky Greenwald, 1999

Includes: Lifetime incidence of traumatic events, trauma symptom checklist for children, child report of post-traumatic symptoms, parent report of post-traumatic symptoms, behaviour change.

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